Scan Time Dependence of Single Molecule Optical Lines in Polymers and Glasses

AbstractA widely used tool in studying quasi-monoperiodic processes is the O–C diagram. This paper deals with the application of this diagram in minor planet studies. The main difference between our approach and the classical O–C diagram is that we transform the epoch (=time) dependence into the geocentric longitude domain. We outline a rotation modelling using this modified O–C and illustrate the abilities with detailed error analysis. The primary assumption, that the monotonity and the shape of this diagram is (almost) independent of the geometry of the asteroids is discussed and tested. The monotonity enables an unambiguous distinction between the prograde and retrograde rotation, thus the four-fold (or in some cases the two-fold) ambiguities can be avoided. This turned out to be the main advantage of the O–C examination. As an extension to the theoretical work, we present some preliminary results on 1727 Mette based on new CCD observations.

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The method of replication affects metal film granularity and resolution

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100155517 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 708-709

Author(s):

George C. Ruben

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam ◽

High Resolution ◽

Film Thickness ◽

Single Molecule ◽

Metal Film ◽

Vertical Surface ◽

High Resolution Imaging ◽

Controllable Factors ◽

Resolution Imaging

Single molecule resolution in electron beam sensitive, uncoated, noncrystalline materials has been impossible except in thin Pt-C replicas ≤ 150Å) which are resistant to the electron beam destruction. Previously the granularity of metal film replicas limited their resolution to ≥ 20Å. This paper demonstrates that Pt-C film granularity and resolution are a function of the method of replication and other controllable factors. Low angle 20° rotary , 45° unidirectional and vertical 9.7±1 Å Pt-C films deposited on mica under the same conditions were compared in Fig. 1. Vertical replication had a 5A granularity (Fig. 1c), the highest resolution (table), and coated the whole surface. 45° replication had a 9Å granulartiy (Fig. 1b), a slightly poorer resolution (table) and did not coat the whole surface. 20° rotary replication was unsuitable for high resolution imaging with 20-25Å granularity (Fig. 1a) and resolution 2-3 times poorer (table). Resolution is defined here as the greatest distance for which the metal coat on two opposing faces just grow together, that is, two times the apparent film thickness on a single vertical surface.

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Single molecule optical diffraction: A tool for understanding the structure of triple stranded left-hand helical cellulose

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100157103 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 1024-1025

Author(s):

George C. Ruben ◽

William Krakow

Keyword(s):

Single Molecule ◽

Helical Structure ◽

Optical Diffraction ◽

Maximum Diameter ◽

Primary Cell Wall ◽

Cellulose Synthesis ◽

Left Hand ◽

Left Handed ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Diffraction Patterns

Tobacco primary cell wall and normal bacterial Acetobacter xylinum cellulose formation produced a 36.8±3Å triple-stranded left-hand helical microfibril in freeze-dried Pt-C replicas and in negatively stained preparations for TEM. As three submicrofibril strands exit the wall of Axylinum , they twist together to form a left-hand helical microfibril. This process is driven by the left-hand helical structure of the submicrofibril and by cellulose synthesis. That is, as the submicrofibril is elongating at the wall, it is also being left-hand twisted and twisted together with two other submicrofibrils. The submicrofibril appears to have the dimensions of a nine (l-4)-ß-D-glucan parallel chain crystalline unit whose long, 23Å, and short, 19Å, diagonals form major and minor left-handed axial surface ridges every 36Å.The computer generated optical diffraction of this model and its corresponding image have been compared. The submicrofibril model was used to construct a microfibril model. This model and corresponding microfibril images have also been optically diffracted and comparedIn this paper we compare two less complex microfibril models. The first model (Fig. 1a) is constructed with cylindrical submicrofibrils. The second model (Fig. 2a) is also constructed with three submicrofibrils but with a single 23 Å diagonal, projecting from a rounded cross section and left-hand helically twisted, with a 36Å repeat, similar to the original model (45°±10° crossover angle). The submicrofibrils cross the microfibril axis at roughly a 45°±10° angle, the same crossover angle observed in microflbril TEM images. These models were constructed so that the maximum diameter of the submicrofibrils was 23Å and the overall microfibril diameters were similar to Pt-C coated image diameters of ∼50Å and not the actual diameter of 36.5Å. The methods for computing optical diffraction patterns have been published before.

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Structural dynamics of P-type ATPase ion pumps

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst20190124 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 1247-1257 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Mateusz Dyla ◽

Sara Basse Hansen ◽

Poul Nissen ◽

Magnus Kjaergaard

Keyword(s):

Structural Dynamics ◽

Single Molecule ◽

New Technologies ◽

Atp Hydrolysis ◽

Resonance Energy Transfer ◽

Resonance Energy ◽

Time Resolved ◽

Dynamics Simulations ◽

Types Of Information ◽

P Type

Abstract P-type ATPases transport ions across biological membranes against concentration gradients and are essential for all cells. They use the energy from ATP hydrolysis to propel large intramolecular movements, which drive vectorial transport of ions. Tight coordination of the motions of the pump is required to couple the two spatially distant processes of ion binding and ATP hydrolysis. Here, we review our current understanding of the structural dynamics of P-type ATPases, focusing primarily on Ca2+ pumps. We integrate different types of information that report on structural dynamics, primarily time-resolved fluorescence experiments including single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer and molecular dynamics simulations, and interpret them in the framework provided by the numerous crystal structures of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. We discuss the challenges in characterizing the dynamics of membrane pumps, and the likely impact of new technologies on the field.

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